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dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L)
NAME
dvieps - TeX DVI to Epson translator
SYNOPSIS
dvieps [-a] [-b] [-c#] [-d#] [-e_V_A_R=_v_a_l_u_e]...
[-f_f_o_n_t_s_u_b_f_i_l_e] [-l] [-m#]
[-o#]... [-o#:#]... [-o#:#:#]...
[-p] [-q] [-r#] [-s#] [-v]
[-x#_u_n_i_t_s] [-y#_u_n_i_t_s] [-z] dvifile1 [ dvifile2]...
DESCRIPTION
Dvieps expects the name of the DVI file on the command line,
and the extension ._d_v_i can always be omitted. As illus-
trated below, it issues a one-line identifier message and,
if no command line arguments are given, types a Unix-style
_u_s_a_g_e message.
The output file will be given the name of the ._d_v_i file, but
with suffix ._e_p_s.
As each ._d_v_i file is processed, a list of errors is printed
on the standard error unit, _s_t_d_e_r_r; this list is also saved
in a file with suffix ._e_r_r. This file is not created if
there are no errors. As each page is printed, the physical
page number and the TeX page number(s) are printed without a
following character return; after the last page, the string
``[OK]'' is printed, followed by a newline. This gives a
convenient progress report to the terminal. If it is not
wanted, then the error output can be suppressed with the -q
(quiet) option.
OPTIONS
The order of command options and DVI file names is _n_o_t sig-
nificant; all switch values apply to all DVI files. DVI
files are processed in order from left to right.
Letter case is _i_g_n_o_r_e_d in option switches: -A and -a are
equivalent.
-a Implement virtual font caching, if possible. When a
font file is opened, a buffer is allocated to contain
the entire file, and the file is then read with one
system call. This is important primarily on networked
file systems, where the many random-access calls in the
font file for small amounts of data entail substantial
network overhead. With the entire file cached in local
memory, this overhead is removed. The additional
memory required for the font file buffers amounts to
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100K to 200K bytes (assuming the compact ._p_k font file
format), which is not excessive. If memory cannot be
allocated for a font file, then normal buffering of
small blocks is used. A trace option (-d64) is pro-
vided to monitor the font caching; see below.
-b Backwards order printing from the default. For exam-
ple, laser printers using the Canon LBP-CX print
engine normally receive pages in reverse order
because they stack printed side up. Some have page
handling mechanisms that stack them face down, and in
such a case -b will ensure that they come out in
order 1, 2, ... instead of n, n-1, n-2, ...
-c# Print # copies of each output page. Page copies are
printed consecutively; this does _n_o_t give multiple col-
lated copies of the entire job.
-d# Produce debugging output on _s_t_d_e_r_r if a non-zero value
is given. Multiple -d switches may be specified, and
one may also add values of the following possible
options to obtain the switch value:
_2 display page coordinates and metrics of each out-
put character, and print each character bitmap in
hexadecimal;
_8 print filename and open mode of each _s_u_c_c_e_s_s_f_u_l
file opening;
_1_6 print filename and open mode of each _u_n_s_u_c_c_e_s_s_f_u_l
file opening;
_3_2 show discarded off-page text;
_6_4 trace virtual font caching;
_1_2_8 trace character setting (_l_o_t_s of output).
For example, either -d8 -d16 or -d24 will trace all
attempted file openings.
-eVAR=value
Define an environment variable on the command line (see
the later section ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). The accept-
able values for _V_A_R are _D_V_I_H_E_L_P, _F_O_N_T_L_I_S_T, _T_E_X_F_O_N_T_S,
and _T_E_X_I_N_P_U_T_S. Under normal use of the translators,
these can be set by MS-DOS set VAR=value commands.
-f_f_o_n_t_s_u_b_f_i_l_e
Define an alternate font substitution file which is to
be used instead of the default ones (see below).
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-l Inhibit logging.
-m# Reset magnification to #. The default for low resolu-
tion printers is -m603, corresponding to 1/1.2^5 mag-
nification of 300-dot/inch fonts. By TeX conventions,
magnification 1000 corresponds to a 200-dot/inch output
device. The default magnification is always adjusted
according to the output device resolution in order to
give a normal page size, so this parameter should
rarely be required. Legal values are int((1000 or 1440
or 1500) x 1.2^(k/2) [k = -16 ... 16]; other values
will be set to the nearest in this family. Not all
fonts will be available in this wide range, and most
installations will probably have only a half dozen or
so magnifications.
Magnification values less than 25 are taken to be a TeX
magstep parameter which is applied to the standard mag-
nification for that device. For example, -m-0.5
selects a smaller size, and -m2 selects a size 1.44
times larger than normal.
-o# _o_r -o#:# _o_r -o#:#:#
Specify a page number, or range of page numbers, to be
selected for output. In the third form, the last
number is the page number step size; it is normally 1.
This option may be specified any number of times. If
it is not specified, then all pages will be printed.
Pages are numbered in order 1, 2, 3, ... in the file,
but any page number recorded by TeX on the printed page
will in general be different. Negative page numbers
count backward; -1 is the last page in the document, -2
the second last page, and so on.
As pages are selected for printing, [#{#} will be
printed on _s_t_d_e_r_r, where the first # is the sequential
page number in the file, and the second # is a string
of values of the TeX counters, \count0 through \count9,
separated by dots, with trailing zero counters dropped.
\count0 usually records the printed page number. When
the page is completely output, a closing ] will be
printed on _s_t_d_e_r_r. Any error messages from processing
of that page will therefore occur between the square
brackets. For example, -o1:3 -o12 -o17:23 -o-3:-1
would select pages 1, 2, 3, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
and 23, plus the last three pages.
Pages are processed in the order found in the DVI file;
there is intentionally no attempt made to sort them
according to the \count0 values, since different macro
packages may use this counter for different purposes,
and in the case of floating tables and figures, the
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pages may not be in order anyway.
Pages will always be printed in an order appropriate
for the device so that the first document page occurs
first face up in the document stack; the -b option can
be used to reverse this order. For example, some
Hewlett-Packard LaserJet Plus printers are equipped
with a page flipper which stacks output face down; for
these, the -b option will ensure that the pages come
out in the expected order.
Specification of a page number step size is useful for
producing duplex (two-sided) printing. For example,
with laser printers using the Canon LBP-CX engine, the
first run could specify -o1:9999:2, which would stack
output face up, beginning with the last page, and end-
ing with page 1 on top. The printed pages can then be
reinserted in the input tray _f_a_c_e _u_p, page 1 on the
top, exactly as they were found in the output tray,
with the top of the page in the tray closest to the end
which is inserted first into the printer. A second run
with -b -o2:9999:2 would then print pages 2, 4, ..., on
the backs of pages 1, 3, ...; note the -b option to get
backwards order on the second run.
-p Inhibit font preloading. This may produce output a few
seconds earlier when all pages are output, but should
have negligible effect on the execution time, and con-
sequently, should normally not be specified. When
individual pages are being printed with the -o# option,
preloading is necessary (and will be forced) to ensure
that all fonts are defined before they are referenced.
-q Quiet mode. Status displays to _s_t_d_e_r_r are suppressed,
unless warning or error messages are issued. For
interactive devices (_d_v_i_b_i_t), warning messages are
suppressed.
-x#_u_n_i_t_s
The -x options specify the left margin of the TeX page
on the output page in any of the indicated units.
Letter case is not significant in the units field,
which must _n_o_t be separated from the number by any
space. # may be fractional. For example, -x1.0in,
-x2.54cm, -x72.27pt, and -x6.0225pc all specify a one-
inch left margin. Negative values are permissible, and
may be used to shift the output page left (possibly
truncating it on the left) in order to display a wide
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TeX page.
The _u_n_i_t_s field is mandatory, and may be one of
bp big point (1in = 72bp)
cc cicero (1cc = 12dd)
cm centimeter (1in = 2.54cm)
dd didot point (1157dd = 1238pt)
in inch
mm millimeter (10mm = 1cm)
pc pica (1pc = 12pt)
pt point (72.27pt = 1in)
sp scaled point (65536sp = 1pt)
-y#_u_n_i_t_s
The -y options specify the top margin of the TeX page
on the output page. Letter case is not significant in
the units field, which must _n_o_t be separated from the
number by any space. # may be fractional. For exam-
ple, -y1.0in, -y2.54cm, -y72.27pt, and -y6.0225pc all
specify a one-inch top margin. Negative values are
permissible, and may be used to shift the output page
up (possibly truncating it on the top) in order to
display a long TeX page.
By decree of the Stanford TeX Project, the default TeX
page origin is always 1 inch over and down from the
top-left page corner, even when non-American paper
sizes are used. This corresponds to the switch set-
tings -x1in -y1in; these values are assumed unless
overridden.
If no -f_f_o_n_t_s_u_b_f_i_l_e option is given, and font substitution
is required, if the current DVI file is _f_o_o._d_v_i, then the
files _f_o_o._s_u_b, _t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s._s_u_b, and _t_e_x_i_n_p_u_t_s:_t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s._s_u_b will
be tried in order. The first two will be found on the
current directory, and the last is the system default. This
gives the option of document-specific, user-specific, and
system-specific substitutions, and the -f option allows all
of these to be overridden.
Font substitution lines have the form:
% comment
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oldname.oldmag -> subname.submag % comment
oldname oldmag -> subname submag % comment
oldname -> subname % comment
Examples are:
% These provide replacements for some LaTeX invisible fonts:
iamr10 1500 -> amr10 1500 % comment
iamr10.1500 -> amr10.1500 % comment
iamssb8 -> amssb8 % comment
The first two forms request substitution of a particu-
lar font and magnification. The third form substitutes
an entire font family; the closest available magnification
to the required one will be used. Any dots in the non-
comment portion will be converted to spaces, and
therefore, cannot be part of a name field.
The first matching substitution will be selected, so
magnification-specific substitutions should be given first,
before family substitutions.
Comments are introduced by percent and continue to end-of-
line, just as for TeX. One whitespace character is
equivalent to any amount of whitespace. Whitespace and com-
ments are optional.
SPECIALS
The TeX \special{} command is intended to allow the specifi-
cation in a ._t_e_x file of a request to the DVI driver, usu-
ally for the insertion of graphical material at that point
in the document. It is currently not implemented for
dvieps.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The behavior of the DVI translators can be influenced by
definition of environment variables in MS DOS. Compiled-in
internal defaults will be provided for any of these which
are not defined. They _m_u_s_t be entirely in upper-case,
since that is conventional on Unix systems. The names
currently recognized are as follows:
DVIHELP This variable defines an alternate help string
which is typed when the user makes an input
error. It should direct the user to addi-
tional documentation. For example, it might
be ``type d:\tex\dvi.hlp''.
FONTLIST
Normally, the drivers are prepared to search
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first for ._p_k, then ._g_f, then ._p_x_l font files.
This variable can be used to change this search
order, or remove one or more of the possibili-
ties. It is expected to contain at least one of
the strings ``PK'', ``GF'', or ``PXL'', possibly
separated by arbitrary punctuation and other
text. This flexibility is necessary because some
operating systems expect environment variables to
conform to some syntax, such as that of a file
name. Letter case is _n_o_t significant. Some
acceptable strings are ``PXL-then-PK-then-GF'',
``pk.gf'', ``use-only-PXL-fonts'', and
``PXL/GF/PK''.
FONTDIR This defines the directory path for finding font
files. Its value is _p_r_e_p_e_n_d_e_d to the name of a
TeX font to get a full file specification. A
typical value in for _F_O_N_T_D_I_R would be
_d:\_t_e_x\_f_o_n_t_s\_p_k\.
TEXINPUTS This defines the directory path for finding files
which are not in the current working directory.
It is _p_r_e_p_e_n_d_e_d to file names. A typical value
would be _d:\_t_e_x\_i_n_p_u_t_s\.
IBM PC CAVEATS
PC DOS by default has only a small number of available open
files, and this number is not adequate for the drivers with
the value of five for _M_A_X_O_P_E_N set in _m_a_c_h_d_e_f_s._h. You need
to increase the limits by entering the lines
FILES=10
BUFFERS=10
in the _c_o_n_f_i_g._s_y_s file in the boot directory, then reboot
the system to have the new values take effect. Larger
values are of course possible, though _F_I_L_E_S=_2_0 is the limit
with current versions of PC DOS. Run-time performance can
be quite sensitive to these settings, so you may wish to
experiment.
If there is no _c_o_n_f_i_g._s_y_s file, or the settings of _F_I_L_E_S and
_B_U_F_F_E_R_S are too small, you will find the disk whirring madly
while the driver attempts to open font files with neighbor-
ing magnifications, and then it will finally die with a mes-
sage _u_n_a_b_l_e _t_o _o_p_e_n ._e_r_r _f_i_l_e. Use of the -d24 option may
be useful in tracking how many files can successfully be
opened.
The drivers have been loaded with the default Datalight
floating-point library; the compiler generates calls to
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library routines which test a flag initialized at startup
time which indicates the presence or absence of the
floating-point coprocessor chip. If it is available, the
library routines will automatically use it.
FILES
The values of _t_e_x_i_n_p_u_t_s: and _t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s: below are system-
dependent. On MSDOS systems, typical values are
_d:\_t_e_x\_i_n_p_u_t_s\ and _d:\_t_e_x\_f_o_n_t_s\_p_k\.
*._d_v_i TeX DeVice Independent output file
*._e_r_r TeX DVIEPS translator error log
*._e_p_s TeX DVIEPS translator output file
*._s_u_b DVI file-specific font substitution
file
_t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s._s_u_b Job-wide font substitution file
_t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s:*.*_p_x_l TeX default font rasters
_t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s:*.*_g_f TeX default font rasters
_t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s:*.*_p_k TeX default font rasters
_t_e_x_i_n_p_u_t_s:_t_e_x_f_o_n_t_s._s_u_b System-wide font substitution file
ORIGIN
This version of DVIEPS was modified from Nelson Beebe's DVI
Driver Family version 2.10. Since the bitmap for a full
page at 240dpi by 216 dpi requires more memory than avail-
able on a 640k system, two passes are made over each
page using a half-size bitmap. This gives twice the perform-
ance of the swapping scheme previously used.
AUTHORS
The original author of the DVI driver family is
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dvi(1L) UNIX Programmer's Manual dvi(1L)
Nelson H.F. Beebe
Center for Scientific Computation
220 South Physics Building
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, UT 84112
USA
Tel: (801) 581-5254
EMAIL: Beebe@Science.Utah.Edu (Internet)
An active electronic mailing list for news about the DVI
driver family development is maintained by the author at the
above net address. Send requests there if you wish to be on
it.
David Fuchs at Stanford University wrote _d_v_i_t_y_p_e in _w_e_b and
defined the DVI file format.
Mark Senn at Purdue University wrote a preliminary version
of the BBN BitGraph driver in C, using _d_v_i_t_y_p_e as a model.
Stephan v. Bechtolsheim and Bob Brown at Purdue, Robert
Wells at BBN, and Jim Schaad and Richard Furuta at the
University of Washington, improved it.
Contributions for PostScript devices came from Neal Holtz at
Carleton University. Simon Barnes of Schlumberger Cambridge
Research Ltd., and Robin Rohlicek at BBN provided useful
additions to the BBN BitGraph driver which have been gen-
eralized and incorporated in Version 2.07.
The transformation to about a dozen other device drivers,
the massive code rearrangement for many new features and
easy identification of host- and device-dependent sections,
plus support for ._p_k and ._g_f compact font files, was carried
out at the University of Utah by Nelson H.F. Beebe. He
also wrote the documents _A _T_e_X _D_V_I _D_r_i_v_e_r _F_a_m_i_l_y and _U_s_i_n_g
_L_a_T_e_X _a_t _t_h_e _U_n_i_v_e_r_s_i_t_y _o_f _U_t_a_h _C_o_l_l_e_g_e _o_f _S_c_i_e_n_c_e _D_E_C-_2_0.
The first describes all of these drivers in detail, and the
second is the _L_o_c_a_l _L_a_T_e_X _G_u_i_d_e.
Lon Willett at Utah adapted _d_v_i_j_e_p to make _d_v_i_i_m_p for the
Imagen laser printer family.
John Sauter adapted one of the low-resolution printer
drivers to produce _d_v_i_l_7_5 for the DEC LA75 printer, and
_d_v_i_l_3_p for the DEC LN03 Plus laser printer.
Norman Naugle and colleagues at Texas A&M implemented the
family on several new systems.
Printed 12/31/87 21 October 1987 9